1. Umkopi usebenzisa iimpawu ezinokubakho zomqhubi we-optical ukuhlawula umqhubi we-optical conductor ngaphandle kokukhanya, ukwenzela ukuba umphezulu uhlawulwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye emva koko ngomgaqo we-imaging optical, umfanekiso wokuqala uboniswe kwi-optical conductor.

2. Inxalenye yomfanekiso ayikhanyiswa, ngoko ke umphezulu womqhubi wokukhanya usenayo intlawulo, ngelixa indawo engenamfanekiso iyakhanyiswa, ngoko ke intlawulo ebusweni bomqhubi wokukhanya idlula emhlabeni we-substrate, ukuze umrhumo kumphezulu uyanyamalala, ngaloo ndlela kwakheka umfanekiso ofihlakeleyo we-electrostatic.

3. Ngomgaqo we-electrostatic, i-toner ene-polarity echasayo isetyenziselwa ukuguqula umfanekiso we-electrostatic latent kumphezulu we-optical conductor ibe ngumfanekiso we-toner kumphezulu we-optical conductor. Ngomgaqo we-electrostatic, umfanekiso we-toner kumphezulu we-optical conductor udluliselwa kumphezulu wephepha lokukopisha ukugqiba inkqubo esisiseko yokukopisha.